Just to remind, how importance we to appreciate the history and objects of heritage artefacts, temples, inscriptions, or the other, let us see how the Borobudur temple to be reconstructed as magnificent buildings and includes the seven wonders of the world. For us to start need to see how the name is known and the Borobudur temple.
The Woodsthat
Approximately three hundred years ago, where this temple is still in the woodsthat the surrounding Borobudur is known from the work of Mpu Prapanca Negarakertagama manuscript in 1365 BC, is mentioned about the monastery in Budur. Then Babad Tanah Jawi script on (1709 - 1710) there is news of Mas Dana, a rebel against King Pakubuwono I, which caught in the Redi Borobudur and sentenced to death. Then in 1758, promote news of a prince of Yogyakarta, the Prince Monconagoro, who are interested see the statue of a knight trapped in a cage. Then in 1814, Thomas Stamford Raffles got the news of his subordinates on a hill covered with carved stones. Based on the news that Raffles sent Cornelius, a admirer of art and history, to clean up that hill. After cleaning for two months with the help of 200 inhabitants, the clearer the temple and restoration continued in 1825. In 1834, the Residen Kedu clean the temple again, and in 1842 stupa temple is reviewed for further research.
Of the name Borobudur itself many archaeologists who interpret it, like Prof. Dr. Poerbotjoroko explains that the word Borobudur comes from two words Bhoro and Budur. Bhoro derived from Sanskrit which means bihara or dormitories, while the word Budur refers to the name of the place. This opinion is corroborated by Prof. Dr. WF.Stutterheim who argue that Borobudur means Bihara on top of a hill. While Prof. JG. De Casparis based on Middle Reef inscription mentions the year This new building, which Sangkala Year: Sagara kstidhara sense, or in Caka 746 (824AD), or in the Wangsa Syailendra which glorifies the god Indra. in the inscription has been got Bhumisambharabhudhara name which means a place of worship of the ancestors for the souls of their ancestors.
How does that word happens to be a shift in Borobudur? This happened because of factors local pronunciation. In the history lesson, it is mentioned that the temple of Borobudur is made on the Buddhist wangsa Syailendra under the leadership of King Samarotthungga. While who created the temple, based on public speech called Gunadharma. Construction of the temple was completed in 847 AD According to the inscription Kulrak (784M) making This temple is assisted by a teacher from Ghandadwipa (Bengalore) named Kumaragacya the highly respected, and a prince of Kashmir as an adviser named Visvawarman an expert in the teachings of Tantra Vajrayana Buddhists. Construction of this temple began during the Maha Raja who holds Sri Sanggramadananjaya Dananjaya, continued by his son, Samarotthungga, and by his granddaughter, Dyah Ayu Pramodhawardhani. Before restored, the Borobudur Temple in ruins as well as artifacts of a new temple found today. When we visited Borobudur and enjoy the natural beauty vicinity of the summit of the temple, sometimes we do not even think about who is deserving Borobudur Temple to be rebuilt a magnificent building and a wealth nation of Indonesia.
The next restoration, after by Cornelius at the Raffles and Residen Hatmann, conducted in 1907-1911 by Theodore van Erp who rebuilt order form from the ruins of the temple because of the time eaten up the form now. Van Erp is actually an engineer building Genie military with the rank of lieutenant, but then interested in studying and learning the ins and outs of the Borobudur Temple, began philosophy to the teachings they contain. So that he tried conduct a comparative study for several years in India. He also went to Sri Lanka to look at the composition of the Sanchi stupa peak in Kandy, and finally van Erp find a form of Borobudur Temple. While the foundation of philosophy and religion found by the Stutterheim and NJ. Chrome, about the teachings of the Buddha Dharma with the flow Mahayana Yogacara and there is a tendency, also mixed with the flow-Tantrayana Vajrayana. Therefore, the builder must have a bit of history of religion in Indonesia. Research on the composition of the temple and the philosophy that carries itself requires substantial time, especially if linked with Buildings of Other temples are still one family. Such as the Borobudur with Mendut and Pawon are geographically located in one lane.
Borobudur is the second largest temple after temple at Ankor Wat Cambodia. Borobudur like building a pyramid of Cheops in Gizeh Egypt. The temple building area Borobudur 15 129 m2 is composed of 55,000 m3 of rock, from 2 million pieces of rocks. The average stone size of 25 cm X 10 cm X 15 cm. Overall length of 500 pieces of rock km with a total weight of 1.3 million tons of stone. The walls of the Borobudur Temple is surrounded by pictures or reliefs which are arranged a series of stories in 1460 panel. The length of each panel is 2 feet. So if a series of relief that stretch the total length of approximately 3 km relief. The number of levels there are ten, 1-6 levels of a square, while the 7-10 round. Statues are found in all temple buildings totaling 504 units. Meanwhile, the high temple of the soil surface until end of the main stupa was 42 meters, but now 34.5 meters remains after being struck lightning.
According to the investigation of an anthropologist, ethnologist Austria, Robert von Heine Geldern, the ancestors of Indonesia are familiar with procedures at the time of Neolithic culture and Megalithic from South Vietnam and Cambodia. At the time of the Megalithic ancestors of Indonesia to the tomb of his ancestors as well as a place of worship a tiered pyramid building, getting to the top of the smaller. One of them is found in the valley Sibedug Leuwiliang Bogor in West Java. A similar building located in Sukuh temple near Solo, also Borobudur temple. If we look from a distance, Borobudur will look like a staircase or a similar arrangement of building a pyramid and a stupa.
Unlike the giant pyramids in Egypt and the Pyramids of Teotihuacan in Mexico. Borobudur Temple is another version of the pyramid. Borobudur pyramid form staircase will not be found in the region and any country, including in India. And that's one of the advantages of Borobudur temple which is a typical Buddhist architecture in Indonesia.
Seeing the splendor of the current building Borobudur and other temples in Indonesia has a great knowledge of the civilization of Indonesia. A variety of science involved in the reconstruction effort undertaken Borobudur by Teodhorus van Erp. We should appreciate his efforts given the various obstacles and difficulties faced in rebuilding the temple.
To date there are few things that still a matter of mystery surrounding the establishment Borobudur temple, for example in terms of rock composition, how to transport the stone from the area of origin reached the destination, whether the stones were already in the desired size or The original form is still a mountain of stone, how long the process of cutting the stones to on the size you want, how to raise the stones from the bottom of the page to the top of the temple, the crane is used? Given the time no blue print, then by means of what are they going to negotiate the steps work to be done, in terms of relief images, whether the stones were installed after the last image, or a plain stone in the new state chiseled to be drawn. And starting from where the image was carved, from top to bottom or from the bottom up? And many more mysteries yet to be revealed by science knowledge, especially about finding space on the main stupa of the temple.Restoration in the years 1974-1983.
The next restoration is carried out in 1973-1983, the lapse of 70 years of restoration was undertaken van Erp. The restoration is intended no other in an attempt preserve an invaluable cultural. This is the "treasure" is actually notcould be rewarded with money especially sold to pay debts. Public awareness for participate in securing the building of the temple is expected as well from the tourists. Excavation, research, and plan for restoration of the temples or objects other historic recently found itself requires time and cost not a bit. Refurbishment of buildings and archaeological culture is not as easy as building modern buildings. Every form of cultural buildings have a special meaning and it is not can be ignored in the restoration of ancient buildings. Therefore need the support from various parties, both from within and from abroad. Efforts to rebuild the symbols of a civilization that had lost meaning more eye-opening our hearts about the history of human civilization Indonesia is rich with science and culture. Thus, we will be able to appreciate the cultured human own culture as a form of identity and the identity of an independent nation.
Finally, we must raise the passion to appreciate the objects of heritage culture is not only a wealth of society and the nation, but also a wealth of knowledge that will continue to uncover the facts of that history. Enjoy maintain the beauty and sustainability is one form of awareness is very means. Surely the role of institutions related to the protection of heritage objects culture needs to be improved to provide insight, understanding and dissemination of importance of maintaining and preserving these objects.
Legal protection must be enforced consistently so that does not happen again lameness of law that leaves a sense of injustice to the community, such as the case of blasting the Borobudur Temple in 1983.
Remain a mystery, just added, the Borobudur is Buddhist temple largest in the world with a height of 34.5 meters and a building area of 123 x 123 meters. Was founded in top of a hill located approximately 40 km south-west of Yogyakarta, 7 km south of Magelang, Central Java.
Borobudur was built by Sailendra dynasty between the years 750 and 842 AD. Buddhist Temple is probably abandoned about a century after construction because of center of the kingdom at that time moved to East Java. Sir Thomas Stanford Raffles found Borobudur in 1814 in poor condition and ordered that the site be cleaned and studied thoroughly. Borobudur restoration project large-scale and then starting from 1905 until 1910, led by Dr.Tb.Van Erp. With the help of UNESCO, the second restoration to rescue Borobudur conducted from August 1913 until 1983.
However, until now Borobudur still holds some mysteries. A number of mysteries such as, who designed the temple of Borobudur, how many people hired to build the temple, where is the stone to build the temple come from? what is philosophy that use to make these temples? But certainly this temple an important asset for Indonesia in the eyes of the world.
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